La République d'Haïti / Republic of Haiti 1987...
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La République d'Haïti / Republic of Haiti
1987 Constitution de la République d'Haïti
1987 Constitution of the Republic of Haiti
1987 CONSTITUTION OF HAITI
PREAMBLE
The Haitian people proclaim this constitution in order to:
Ensure their inalienable and imprescriptible rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; in conformity with the Act of Independence of 1804 and the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man of 1948.
Constitute a socially just, economically free, and politically independent Haitian nation.
Establish a strong and stable State, capable of protecting the country's values, traditions, sovereignty, independence and national vision.
Implant democracy, which entails ideological pluralism and political rotation and affirm the inviolable rights of the Haitian people.
Strengthen national unity by eliminating all discrimination between the urban and rural populations, by accepting the community of languages and culture and by recognizing the right to progress, information, education, health, employment and leisure for all citizens.
Ensure the separation and the harmonious distribution of the powers of the State at the service of the fundamental interests and priorities of the Nation.
Set up a system of government based on fundamental liberties, and the respect for human rights, social peace, economic equity, concerted action and participation of all the people in major decisions affecting the life of a nation, through effective decentralization.
TITLE I
The Republic of Haiti
Its emblem and its symbols
CHAPTER I
The Republic of Haiti
FIRST ARTICLE:
Haiti is an indivisible, sovereign, independent, cooperatist, free, democratic and social republic
FIRST ARTICLE-1:
The city of Port-au-Prince is the capital and the seat of government.
This seat may be moved elsewhere for reasons of force majeure
ARTICLE 2:
The national colors shall be blue and red
ARTICLE 3:
The emblem of the Haitian Nation shall be a flag with the following description:
a. Two (2) equal sized horizontal bands: a blue one on top and a red one underneath;
b. The coat of arms of the Republic are: a Palette surmounted by the liberty cap, and under the palms a trophy with the legend:
In Union there is Strength
ARTICLE 4:
The national motto is: Liberty; Equality, Fraternity
ARTICLE 4-1:
The national anthem shall be the "Dessalinienne."
ARTICLE 5:
All Haitians are united by a common language: Creole.
Creole and French are the official languages of the Republic
ARTICLE 6:
The monetary unit shall be the gourde, which is divided into centimes
ARTICLE 7:
The cult of the personality is categorically forbidden.
Effigies and names of living personages may not appear on the currency, stamps, seals, public buildings, streets or works of art
ARTICLE 7-1:
Use of effigies of deceased persons must be approved by the Legislature
CHAPTER II
Territory of the Haitian Republic
ARTICLE 8:
The territory of the Haitian Republic comprises:
a. The western part of the island of Haiti and the adjacent island of la Geneva, La Tortue, I'Ile à Vache, les Cayemittes, La Navase, La Grande Caye and the other islands of the Territorial Sea;
b)It is bounded on the east by the Dominican Republic, on the north by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south and west by the Caribbean Sea or Sea of the Antilles;
c. The air space over the land sea of the Republic
ARTICLE 8-1:
The territory of the Haitian Republic is inviolable and may not be alienated either in whole or in part by any treaty or convention
ARTICLE 9:
The territory of the Republic is divided and subdivided into Departments, Arrondissements, Comunes, Quartiers and Comunal actions
ARTICLE 9-1:
The law determines the number and boundaries of these divisions and subdivisions, and regulates their organization and operation
TITLE II
Haitian Nationality
ARTICLE 10:
The regulations governing Haitian nationality shall be determined by law
ARTICLE 11:
Any person born of a Haitian father or Haitian mother who are themselves native-born Haitians and have never renounced their nationality possesses Haitian nationality at the time of birth
ARTICLE 12:
Haitian nationality may be adquired by naturalization
ARTICLE 12-1:
After five years of continuous residence in the territory of the Republic, any foreigner may obtain Haitian nationality by naturalization, in conformity with the regulations established by law
ARTICLE 12-2:
Haitians by naturalization shall be allowed to exercise the right to vote but they must wait five(5) years after the date of their naturalization to be eligible to hold public posts other than those reserved by the Constitution and by law for native-born Haitians
ARTICLE 13:
Haitian nationality is lost by:
a. Naturalization in a foreign country;
b. Holding a political post in the service of a foreign country;
c. Continuous residence abroad of a naturalized Haitian without duly granted authorization by a competent official.
Anyone who loses his nationality in this manner may not reacquire it
ARTICLE 14:
A naturalized Haitian may recover his Haitian nationality by meeting all of the conditions and formalities imposed on aliens by the law
ARTICLE 15:
Dual Haitian and foreign nationality is in no case permitted
TITLE III
Basic Rights and Duties of the Citizen
CHAPTER I
The Nature of the Citizenship
ARTICLE 16:
Citizenship entails both civil and political rights
ARTICLE 16-1:
The enjoyment, exercise, suspension and loss of these rights are regulated by law
ARTICLE 16-2:
The age of majority is eighteen (18) years
ARTICLE 17:
Al Haitians, regardless of sex or marital status, who have attained twenty-one years of age may exercise their political and civil rights if the meet the other conditions prescribed by the Constitution and by law
ARTICLE 18:
Haitians shall be equal before the law, subject to the special advantages conferred on native-born Haitians who have never renounced their nationality
CHAPTER II
Basic Rights
SECTION A
Right to life and Health
ARTICLE 19:
The State has the absolute obligation to guarantee the right to life, health, and respect of the human person for all citizens without distinction, in conformity with the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man
ARTICLE 20:
The death penalty is abolished in all cases
ARTICLE 21:
The crime of high treason consists in bearing arms in a foreign army against the Republic, serving a foreign nation in a conflict with the Republic, in any official's stealing state property, intrusted to his management, or any violation of the Constitution by those responsible for enforcing it
ARTICLE 21-1:
The crime of high treason is punishable by forced labor for life without commutation of sentence
ARTICLE 22:
The State recognizes the right of every citizen to decent housing, education, food and social security
ARTICLE 23:
The State has the obligation to ensure for all citizens in all territorial divisions appropriate means to ensure protection, maintenance and restoration of their health by establishing hospitals, health centers and dispensaries
SECTION B
Individual Liberty
ARTICLE 24:
Individual liberty is guaranteed and protected by the State
ARTICLE 24-1:
No one may be prosecuted, arrested or detained except in the cases determined by law and in the manner it prescribes
ARTICLE 24-2:
Except where the perpetrator of a crime is caught in the act, no one may be arrested or detained other than by written order of a legally competent official
ARTICLE 24-3:
For such an order to be carried out, the following requirements must be met:
a. It must formally state the reason in Creole and in French for the arrest or detention and the provision of the law that provides for punishment of the act charged.
b. Legal notice must be given and a copy of the order must be left with the accused at the time of its execution;
c. The accursed must be notified of his right to be assisted by counsel at all phases of the investigation of the case up to the final judgment;
d. Except where the perpetrator of a crime is caught in the act, no arrest by warrant and no search may take place between six (6) p.m. and six (6) a.m.
e. Responsibility for an offense is personal, and no one may be arrested in the place of another
ARTICLE 25:
Any unnecessary force or restraint in the apprehension of a person or in keeping him under arrest, or any psychological pressure or physical brutality, especially during interrogation, is forbidden
ARTICLE 25-1:
No one may be interrogated without his attorney or a witness of his choice being present
ARTICLE 26:
No one may be kept under arrest more than forty-eight (48) hours unless he has appeared before a judge asked to rule on the legality of the arrest and the judge has confirmed the arrest by a well-founded decision
ARTICLE 26-1:
In the case of a petty violation, the accursed shall be referred to a justice of the peace, who shall then hand down a final decision.
In the case for more serious offenses or crimes, an appeal may be filed, without prior permission, simply by addressing a petition to the presiding judge of the competent civil court, who, on the basis of the oral statement of the prosecutor, shall rule on the legality of the arrest and detention, in a special session of the court, without postponement or rotation of judges, all other cases being suspended
ARTICLE 26-2:
If the arrest is judged to be illegal, the judge shall order the immediate release of the arrested person and that order shall be enforceable immediately, regardless of any appeal to a higher court or the supreme court for an order forbidding enforcement of the judgment
ARTICLE 27:
Any violation of the provisions on individual liberty are arbitrary acts. Injured parties may, without prior authorization, appeal to the competent courts, to bring suit against the authors and perpetrators of these arbitrary acts, regardless of their rank or the body to which they belong
ARTICLE 27-1:
Government officials and employees are directly liable under civil and administrative criminal law for acts carried out in violation of rights.
In such cases, civil liability extends to the State as well
SECTION C
Freedom of Expression
ARTICLE 28:
Every Haitian has the right to express his opinions freely on any matter by any means he chooses
ARTICLE 28-1:
Journalists shall freely exercise their profession within the framework of the law. Such exercise may not be subject to any authorization or censorship, except in the case of war
ARTICLE 28-2:
Journalists may not be compelled to reveal their sources.
However, it is their duty to verify the authenticity and accuracy of information.
It is also this obligation to respect the ethics of their profession
ARTICLE 28-3:
All offenses involving the press and abuses of the right of expression come under the code of criminal law
ARTICLE 29:
The right of petition is recognized.
It is exercised personally by one or more citizens but never in the name of a body
ARTICLE 29-1:
All petitions to the Legislative Branch must give rise to the regulatory procedure for ruling upon their purpose
SECTION D
Freedom of Conscience
ARTICLE 30:
All religions and faiths shall be freely exercised.
Everyone is entitled to profess his religion and practice his faith, provided the exercise of that right does not disturb law and order
ARTICLE 30-1:
No one may be compelled to belong to a religious organization or to follow a religious teaching contrary to his convictions
ARTICLE 30-2:
The law establishes the conditions for recognition and practice of religions and faiths
SECTION E
Freedom of Aassenbly and Association
ARTICLE 31:
Freedom of unarmed assembly and association for political, economic, social, cultural or any other peaceful purposes is guaranteed
ARTICLE 31-1:
Political parties and groups shall compete with each other in the exercise of suffrage.
They may be established and may carry outh their activities freely.
They must respect the principles of national and democratic sovereignty.
The law determines the conditions for their recognition and operation, and the advantages and privileges reserved to them
ARTICLE 31-2:
The police authorities must be notified in advance of assemblies outdoors in public places
ARTICLE 31-3:
No one may be compelled to join any association of any kind
SECTION F
Education aaand Teaching
ARTICLE 32:
The State guarantees the right to education.
It sees to the physical, intellectual, moral, professional, social and civic training of the population
ARTICLE 32-1:
Education is the responsibility of the State and its territorial divisions.
They must make schooling available to all, free of charge, and ensure that public and private sector teachers are properly trained
ARTICLE 32-2:
The first responsibility of the State and its territorial divisions is education of the masses, which is the only way the country can be developed.
The State shall encourage and facilitate private enterprise in this field
ARTICLE 32-3:
Primary schooling is compulsory under penalties to be prescribed by law. Classroom facilities and teaching materials shall be provided by the State to elementary school students free of charge
ARTICLE 32-4:
Agricultural, vocational, cooperative and technical training is a fundamental responsibility of the State and its communes
ARTICLE 32-5:
Preschool and maternal training, as well as nonformal education are encouraged
ARTICLE 32-6:
Higher education shall be open to all, on an equal bases, according to merit only
ARTICLE 32-7:
The State shall see to it that each territorial division, communal Section, commune or Department shall have the essential educational establishments adapted to the needs of their development, without however prejudicing the priorities assigned to agricultural, vocational, cooperative and technical training, which must be widely disseminated
ARTICLE 32-8:
The State guarantees that the handicapped and the gifted shall have the means to ensure their autonomy, education and independence
ARTICLE 32-9:
The State and its territorial divisions have the duty to make all necessary provisions to intensify the literacy campaign for the masses.
they encourage all private initiatives to that end
ARTICLE 32-10:
Teachers are entitled to a fair salary
ARTICLE 33:
There shall be freedom of education at all levels.
This freedom shall be exercised under the control of the State
ARTICLE 34:
Except where perpetrators of crimes are caught in the act, the premises of educational establishments are inviolable.
No police forces may enter them except with the permission of the supervisors of those establishments
ARTICLE 34-1:
This provision does not apply when an educational establishment is used for the purposes
SECTION G
Freedom to Work
ARTICLE 35:
Freedom to work is guaranteed.
every citizen has the obligation to engage in work of his choice to meet his own and his family's needs, and to cooperate with the State in the establishment of a social security system
ARTICLE 35-1:
Every employee of a private or public institution is entitled to a fair wage, to rest, to a paid annual vacation and to a bonus.
ARTICLE 35-2:
The State guarantees workers equal working conditions and wages regardless of their sec, beliefs, opinions and marital status
ARTICLE 35-3:
Trade union freedom is guaranteed.
any worker in the public or private sector may join a union representing his particular occupation solely to protect his work interests
ARTICLE 35-4:
Unions are essentially nonpolitical, nonprofit, and nondenominational.
No one may be forced to join a union
ARTICLE 35-5:
The right to strike is recognized under the limits set by law
ARTICLE 35-6:
The minimum age for gainful employment is set by law. Special laws govern the work of minors and servants
SECTION H
Property
ARTICLE 36:
Private property is recognized and guaranteed.
The law specifies the manner of acquiring and enjoying it, and the limits placed upon it
ARTICLE 36-1:
Expropriation for a public purpose may be effected only by payment or deposit ordered by a court in favor of the person entitled thereto, of fair compensation established in advance by an expert evaluation.
If the initial project is abandoned, the expropriation is canceled.
The property may not be subject to any speculation and must be restored to its original owner without any reimbursement for the small holder.
the expropriation measure is effective upon the startup of the project
ARTICLE 36-2:
Nationalization and confiscation of goods, property and buildings for political reasons are forbidden.
No one may be deprived of his legitimate right of ownership other than by a final judgment by a court of ordinary law, except under an agrarian reform
ARTICLE 36-3:
Ownership also entails obligations.
Uses of property cannot be contrary to the general interest
ARTICLE 36-4:
Landowners must cultivate, work, and protect their land, particularly against erosion.
the penalty for failure to fulfill this obligation shall be prescribed by law
ARTICLE 36-5:
The right to own property does not extend to the coasts, springs, rivers, water courses, mines and quarries.
They are part of the State's public domain
ARTICLE 36-6:
The law shall establish regulations governing freedom to prospect for and work mines, or bearing earths, and quarries, ensuring an equal share of the profits of such exloitation to the owner of the land and to the Haitian State or its concessionnaires
ARTICLE 37:
The law shall set conditions for land division and aggregation in terms of a territorial management plan and the well-being of the communities concerned, within the framework of agrarian reform
ARTICLE 38:
Scientific, literary and artistic property is protected by law
ARTICLE 39:
The inhabitants of the Communal Sections have the right of preemption for the exploitation of the State's land in the private domain located in their locality
SECTION I
Right to Information
ARTICLE 40:
The State has the obligation to publicize in the oral, written and televised press in the Creole and French languages all laws, orders, decrees, international agreements, treaties, and conventions on everything affecting the national life, except for information concerning national security
SECTION J
Right to Security
ARTICLE 41:
No person of Haitian nationality may be deported or forced to leave the national territory for any reason.
No one may be deprived for political reasons of his legal capacity and his nationality
ARTICLE 41-1:
No Haitian needs a visa to leave or return to the country
ARTICLE 42:
No citizen, whether civilian or military, may be denied access to the courts open to him under the Constitution and the laws
ARTICLE 42-1:
Military personnel accused of the crime of high treason against the country shall be tried in a court of ordinary law
ARTICLE 42-2:
Military courts have jurisdiction only:
a. In the case of violation by military personnel of regulations in the Manual of Military Justice;
b. In the case of conflicts between members of the armed forces;
c. In the case of war
ARTICLE 42-3:
Cases of conflicts between civilians and military personnel, abuses, violence and crimes perpetrated against a civilian by a member of the military in the performance of his duties are under the jurisdiction of courts for ordinary law
ARTICLE 43:
No house search or seizure of papers may take place except under the terms of the law and in the manner prescribed by it
ARTICLE 44:
Persons detained temporarily awaiting trial must be held separately from those who are serving sentence
ARTICLE 44-1:
Prisons must be operated in accordance with standards reflecting respect for human dignity according to the law on this subject
ARTICLE 45:
No penalty may be established except by law nor applied except in cases that the law determines
ARTICLE 46:
No own may be compelled in cases of crimes, minor offenses, or petty violations to bear witness against himself or his relatives up to the fourth degree of consanguinity or the second degree of affinity
ARTICLE 47:
No one may be compelled to take an oath except in the cases and in the manner provided for by law
ARTICLE 48:
The State shall see to it that a Civil Pension Retirement Fund is established in the public and private sectors.
The fund shall receive contributions from employers and employees, in accordance with the criteria and in the manner established by law. The granting of a pension is a right and not a privilege.
ARTICLE 49:
Freedom and privacy of correspondence and any other forms of communication are inviolable.
They may be limited only by a well-founded judicial ruling, according to the guarantees by law
ARTICLE 50:
Under the Constitution and the law, a jury is established in criminal cases for violent crimes and political offenses
ARTICLE 51:
The law may not be made retroactive except in criminal cases when it favors the accused
CHAPTER III
Duties of the Citizen
ARTICLE 52:
Citizenship entails civic duties.
Every right is counterbalanced by a corresponding duty
ARTICLE 52-1:
Civic duties are the citizen's moral, political, social and economic obligations as a hole to the State and the country.
These obligations are:
a. To respect the Constitution and the national emblem;
b. To respect the laws;
c. To vote in elections without constraint;
d. To pay his taxes;
e. To serve on a jury;
f. To defend the country in the event of war;
g. To educate and improve himself;
h. To respect and protect the environment;
i. To respect scrupulously the revenues and properties of the State;
j. To respect the property of others;
k. To work to maintain peace;
l. To provide assistance to persons in danger;
m. To respect the rights and freedom of others
ARTICLE 52-2:
Failure to abide by these provisions shall be punishable by law
ARTICLE 52-3:
Compulsory civic service for both sexes is established.
The terms thereof shall be set by law
TITLE IV
Aliens
ARTICLE 53:
The conditions under which aliens may be admitted to or remain in the country are established by law
ARTICLE 54:
Aliens in the territory of the Republic shall enjoy the same protection accorded to Haitians, under the law
ARTICLE 54-1:
Aliens enjoy civil, economic and social rights subject to legal provisions on the right to own real property, the practice of a profession, engaging in wholesale trade, serving as a commercial representative, and engaging in import and export operations
ARTICLE 55:
The right to own real property is accorded to aliens resident in Haiti for the needs of their sojourn in the country
ARTICLE 55-1:
However, aliens residing in Haiti may not own more than one dwelling in the name Arrondissement.
They may in no case engage int he business of renting real estate.
However, foreign companies engaged in real estate promotion shall receive the benefits of a special status regulated by law.
ARTICLE 55-2:
The right to own real property shall be accorded also to aliens residing in Haiti and to foreign companies for the needs of their agricultural, commercial, industrial, religious, humanitian or educational enterprises, within the limits and under the conditions prescribed by law
ARTICLE 55-3:
No alien may be the owner of a building bounded by the Haitian land order
ARTICLE 55-4:
The right terminates five(5) years after an alien ceases to reside in the country or the operation of this companies have terminates, pursuant to the law establishing regulations to be followed for the transmission and liquidation of property owned by aliens
ARTICLE 55-5:
Violators of the above provisions and their accomplices shall be punished as provided for in the law
ARTICLE 56:
An alien may be expelled from the territory of the Republic if he becomes involved in the political life of the country, or in cases determined by law
ARTICLE 57:
The right to asylum for political refugees is recognized
TITLE V
National Sovereignty
ARTICLE 58:
National sovereignty is vested in all citizens.
Citizens directly exercise the prerogatives of sovereignty by
a. Electing the President of the Republic;
b. Electing members of the Legislature;
c. Electing members of all other bodies or all assemblies provided for by the Constitution and by law
ARTICLE 59:
Citizens delegate the exercise of national sovereignty to three (3) branches of government:
1. The Legislative Branch;
2. The Executive Branch;
3. The Judicial Branch.
The principle of separation of the Three (3) branches is embodied in the Constitution
ARTICLE 59-1:
The Three (3) branches constitute the essential foundation of the organization of the State, which is civil
ARTICLE 60:
Each branch is independent of the other two (2) in the powers it exercises separately
ARTICLE 60-1:
None of them may, for any reason, delegate their powers in all or in part, nor go beyond the bounds set for them by the Constitution and by law
ARTICLE 60-2:
Each of the Three (3) branches is entirely responsible for its own acts
CHAPTER I
Territorial Divisions And Decentralization
ARTICLE 61:
The territorial divisions are the Communal Sections, the Communes and the Departments
ARTICLE 61-1:
The law may create any other territorial division
SECTION A
Communal Sections
ARTICLE 62:
The CommunalSection is the smallest administrative territorial entity of the Republic
ARTICLE 63:
Each Communal Section is administered by a council of three (3) members elected by universal suffrage for four (4) years.
They may be re-elected an indefinite number of times.
Their mode of organization and operation is regulated by law
ARTICLE 63-1:
The Administrative Council of the Communal Section is assisted in its work by an Assembly of the Communal Section
ARTICLE 64:
The state is obligated to establish for each Communal Section the structures required for social, economic, civic and cultural training of its population
ARTICLE 65:
Members of the Administrative Council of the Communal Section must:
a. Be Haitians and be at least twenty-five (25) years of age;
b. Have resided in the Communal Section for two (2) years before the elections and continue to reside there:
c. Enjoy civil and political rights and never been sentenced to death, personal restraint or penal servitude or the loss of civil rights
SECTION B
Communes
ARTICLE 66:
Communes have administrative and financial autonomy.
Each Commune of the Republic is administered by a Council, known as the Municipal Council, of three (3) members elected by universal suffrage
ARTICLE 66-1:
The President of the council is assisted in its work by a Municipal Assembly composed among others, of a representative of each of its Communal sections
ARTICLE 67:
The Municipal Council is assisted in its work by a Municipal Assembly composed, among others, of a representative of each of its Communal Sections
ARTICLE 68:
The Municipal term is four (4) years, and its members may be re-elected for an indefinite number of terms
ARTICLE 69:
The mode of organization and operation of the Commune and the Municipal Council are regulated by law
ARTICLE 70:
Members of a Municipal Council must:
a. Be Haitians;
b. Have attained twenty-five (25) years of age;
c. Enjoy civil and political rights;
d. Have never been sentenced to death, personal restraint or penal servitude or the loss of civil rights;
e. Have resided at least three (3) years in the Commune and undertake to reside there for the duration of their term
ARTICLE 71:
Each Municipal Council is assisted at its request by a Technical Council furnished by the Central Government
ARTICLE 72:
The Municipal Council may be dissolved for negligence, embezzlement, or maladministration, legally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction.
If it is dissolved, the Departmental Council shall immediately fill the vacancy and call upon the Permanent Electoral Council to elect, in sixty (60) days starting from the date the Council is dissolved, a new Council and shall manage the affairs of the Commune for the remainder of the term. This procedure also applies to vacancies occurring for any other reason
ARTICLE 73:
The Municipal Council manages its resources for the exclusive benefit of the Municipality and renders its accounts to the Municipal Assembly which in turn reports to the Departmental Council
ARTICLE 74:
The Municipal Council has priority in management of the State's real property in the private domain located within the limits of its Commune.
They may not be subject to any transaction without the prior consent of the Municipal Assembly
SECTION C
Arrondissements
ARTICLE 75:
The Arrondissement is an administrative division that may comprise several Communes.
Its organization and operations are governed by law
SECTION D
DEPARTMENTS
ARTICLE 76:
The Department is the largest territorial division.
It comprises the Arrondissements
ARTICLE 77:
The Department has legal personality and is autonomous
ARTICLE 78:
Each Department is administered by a Council of three (3) members elected for four (4) years by the Departmental Assembly
ARTICLE 79:
Members of the Departmental Council are not necessarily drawn from the Assembly, but they must:
a. Be Haitians and at least twenty-five (25) years of age;
b. Have resided in the Department three (3) years before the elections and undertake to remain there during their term;
c. Enjoy civil and political rights and have newer been sentenced to death, personal restraint, or penal servitude or the loss of civil rights
ARTICLE 80:
The departmental Council is assisted in its work by a Departmental Assembly made up of:
One (1) representative form each Municipal Assembly
ARTICLE 80-1:
The following may attend Assembly meetings in an advisory capacity:
a. Deputies and Senators of the Department;
b. One (1) representative of each socie-professional association or union;
c. The Departmental Delegate;
d. The Director of Public Services of the Department
ARTICLE 81:
The Departmental Council draws up the Department's development plan in cooperation with the Central Government
ARTICLE 82:
The organization and operations of the Departmental Council and the Departmental Assembly are regulated by law
ARTICLE 83:
The Departmental Council manages its financial resources for the exclusive benefit of the Department and renders its accounts to the Departmental Assembly, which in turn reports to the Central Government
ARTICLE 84:
The Departmental Council may be dissolved in the event of embezzlement or maladministration legally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction.
If it is dissolved, the Central Government appoints a Provisional Commission and calls upon the Permanent Electoral Council to elect a new Council for the remainder of the term within sixty (60) days of the dissolution
SECTION E
Delegates and Vice Presidents
ARTICLE 85:
In each Departmental Capital, the Executive Branch appoints a Representative, who bears the title of Delegate.
A Vice Delegate placed under the authority of the Delegate is also appointed in each Arrondissement Capital
ARTICLE 86:
Delegates and Vice Delegates ensure coordination and control of public services and exercise no repressive police function.
Other duties of delegates and Vice Delegates are determined by law
SECTION F
Interdepartamental Council
ARTICLE 87:
The Executive is assisted by an Interdepartmental Council, the members of which are designated by the Departmental Assemblies on the basis of one (1) per Department
ARTICLE 87-1:
This Representative chosen form among the members of the Departmental Assemblies serves as liaison between the Department and the Executive Branch
ARTICLE 87-2:
The interdepartmental Council, in concert with the executive, studies and plans projects for decentralization and development of the country from the social, economic, commercial, agricultural and industrial standpoint
ARTICLE 87-3:
It attends working meetings of the Council of Ministers, when they discuss subjects mentioned in the preceding paragraph and has the right to vote
ARTICLE 87-4:
Decentralization must be accompanied by deconcentration of public services with delegation of power and industrial decompartmentalization for the benefit of the departments
ARTICLE 87-5:
The law determines the organization and operation of the Interdepartmental Council, and the frequency of the meetings of the Council of Ministers, in which it participates
CHAPTER II
The Legislative Branch
ARTICLE 88:
Legislative power shall be vested in two (2) representative Houses.
One (1) House of Deputies and one (1) Senate, comprising the Legislature or Parliament
SECTION A
The House of Deputies
ARTICLE 89:
The House of Deputies is a body composed of members elected by direct suffrage by the citizens and is responsible for exercising, on their behalf and in concert with the Senate, the functions of the legislative branch
ARTICLE 90:
Each Municipal Authority comprises an electoral district and elects one (1) Deputy.
The law sets up to three (3) the number of Deputies at the level of large built-up areas.
Pending application of the above subparagraphs, the number of Deputies may not be fewer than seventy (70
ARTICLE 90-1:
Deputies are elected by an absolute majority of votes cast in the Primary Assemblies, according to the conditions and in the manner prescribed by the Electoral Law
ARTICLE 91:
To be elected a member of the House of Deputies, a person must:
1. Be a native Haitian and have never renounced his nationality;
2. Have attained twenty-five (25) years of age;
3. Enjoy civil and political rights and never have been sentenced to death, personal restraint or penal servitude or the loss of civil rights for any crime of ordinary law;
4. Have resided at least two (2) consecutive years prior to the date of the elections in the electoral district he is to represent;
5. Own at least one real property in the district and practice a profession or trade;
6. Have been relieved, if need be, of his responsibilities as a manager of public funds
ARTICLE 92:
Deputies are elected for four (4) years and may be reelected an indefinite number of times
ARTICLE 92-1:
The take office on the second Monday of January, and sit in two (2) annual meetings.
The duration of their term comprises a legislative session
ARTICLE 92-2:
The first session runs from the second Monday of January to the second Monday of May; the second session, from the second Monday of June to the second Monday of September
ARTICLE 92-3:
The House of Deputies is completely replaced every four (4) years
ARTICLE 93:
Beside the duties conferred upon it by the Constitution as a branch of the Legislature, the House of Deputies has the duty of arraigning the Chief of State, the Prime Minister, the Ministers and the Secretaries of State before the High Court of Justice, by a majority of two-thirds (2/3) of this members.
The other powers of the House of Deputies are assigned by the Constitution and by law
SECTION B
The Senate
ARTICLE 94:
The Senate is a body composed of members elected by direct suffrage of the citizens and charged with exercising on their behalf, in concert with the House of Deputies, the duties of the Legislative Branch
ARTICLE 94-1:
The number of Senators is set at three (3) per Department
ARTICLE 94-2:
A Senator of Republic is elected by universal suffrage by an absolute majority of votes in the Primary Assemblies held in the geographic Departments, under the terms prescribed by the Electoral Law
ARTICLE 95:
Senators are elected for six (6) years and may be reelected an indefinite number of times
ARTICLE 95-1:
The Senate is permanently session
ARTICLE 95-2:
The Senate may however adjourn, but not during the Legislative Section.
When it adjourns, it leaves a permanent, committee charged with handling current business.
The committee may not make any decisions, except to convene the Senate.
In emergencies, the Executive may also convene the Senate before the end of the adjournment period
ARTICLE 95-3:
One-third (1/3) of the Senate is replaced every two (2) years
ARTICLE 96:
To be elected to the Senate, a person must:
1. Be a native-born Haitian and never have renounced his nationality;
2. Have attained thirty (30) years of age;
3. Enjoy civil and political rights and never have been sentenced to death, personal restraint or penal servitude or the loss of civil rights for a crime of ordinary law;
4. Have resided in the Department he will represent, at least four (4) consecutive years prior to the date of the elections;
5. Own at least one (1) real property in the Department and practice a profession or trade there;
6. Have been relieved, if need be, of his responsibilities as a manager of public funds
ARTICLE 97:
In addition to the responsibilities incumbent upon it as a branch of the Legislature, the Senate shall have the following powers:
1. To propose to the Executive the list of Supreme Court (Cour de Cassation) justices according to the provisions of the Constitution;
2. Constitute itself as a High Court of Justice;
3. Exercise all other powers assigned to it by this Constitution and by law
SECTION C
The National Assembly
ARTICLE 98:
The meeting in a single Assembly of the two (2) branches of the Legislature constitutes the National Assembly
ARTICLE 98-1:
The National Assembly meets to open and close each session and in all cases provided for by the Constitution
ARTICLE 98-2:
The powers of the National Assembly are limited and may not be extended to matters other than those especially assigned to it by the Constitution
ARTICLE 98-3:
The Assembly's powers are:
1. To receive the constitutional oath of the President of the Republic;
2. To ratify any decision to declare war when all efforts at conciliation have failed;
3. To approve or reject international treaties and conventions;
4. To amend the Constitution according to the procedure indicated herein;
5. To ratify decisions of the Executive to move the seat of the Government in cases determined by the first article of this Constitution;
6. To decide on when a state of siege shall be declared, to order with the Executive that Constitutional guarantees shall be suspended, and to decide on any request to renew that measure;
7. To contribute to selecting members of the Permanent Electoral Council, pursuant to article 92 of this Constitution;
8. To receive at the opening of each session the report on the Government's activities
ARTICLE 99:
The National Assembly is presided over by the President of the Senate, assisted by the President of the House of Deputies acting as Vice President.
the Secretaries of the Senate and the House of Deputies are the Secretaries of the National Assembly
ARTICLE 99-1:
In the event the President of the Senate is unable to discharge his duties, the National Assembly shall be presided over by the President of the House of Deputies, and the Vice President of the Senate shall then become Vice President of the National Assembly
ARTICLE 99-2:
In the event the two (2) Presidents are unable to discharge their duties, the two (2) Vice-Presidents shall replace them, respectively
ARTICLE 100:
Sessions of the National Assembly are public.
However, they may be held in closed session at the request of five (5) members, and the resumption of public sessions shall then be decided by an absolute majority
ARTICLE 101:
In emergencies, when the Legislature is not in session, the Executive Branch may call a special session of the National Assembly
ARTICLE 102:
The National Assembly may not meet or take decisions and pass resolutions without a majority of each of the two (2) Houses being present
ARTICLE 103:
The Legislature has its seat in Port-au-Prince.
However, depending on the circumstances, this seat may be transferred elsewhere to the same place and at the same time as that of the Executive Branch
SECTION D
Exercise of Legislative Power
ARTICLE 104:
A session of the Legislature dates from the opening of the two (2) Houses meeting as the National Assembly
ARTICLE 105:
In the interval between regular sessions and in emergencies, the President of the Republic may call a special session of the Legislature
ARTICLE 106:
The Chief of the Executive Branch reports on that measure by a message
ARTICLE 107:
In the event the Legislature is convened in special session, it may not decide on any matter other than that for which it was called
ARTICLE 107-1:
However, any Senator or Deputy may introduce a matter of general interest in an Assembly of which he is a member
ARTICLE 108:
Each House checks and validates the credentials of its members and is the final judge of any disputes that may arise in this regard
ARTICLE 109:
The members of each House shall take the following oath:
"I swear to discharge my duties, to maintain and safeguard the rights of the people, and to be faithful to the Constitution"
ARTICLE 110:
Meetings of the two (2) Houses are public.
Each House may meet in closed session at the request of five (5) members, and the decision to resume public meetings shall then be taken by a majority vote
ARTICLE 111:
The Legislature takes the laws on all matters of public interest
ARTICLE 111-1:
Laws may be initiated by each of the two (2) Houses as well as by the Executive Branch
ARTICLE 111-2:
However, only the Executive Branch may initiate budget laws, laws concerning the assessment, percentage and manner of collecting taxes and contributions, and laws designed to generate revenues or to increase revenues and expenditures of the Government, Bills introduced on these matters must be voted on first by the House of Deputies
ARTICLE 111-3:
In the event of disagreement between the two (2) Houses regarding the laws mentioned in the preceding paragraph, each House shall appoint, by voting on a list of an equal number of members, a parliamentary committee that will make a final decision on the disagreement
ARTICLE 111-4:
If a disagreement occurs with regard to any other law, a decision on it will be postponed until the following session.
If, at that session, and even in the case of replacement of the Houses no agreement is reached on the law when it is introduced again, each House shall appoint, by taking a vote on a list of an equal number of members, a parliamentary committee to decide on the final text that will be submitted to the two (2) Assemblies, beginning with the one that originally voted on the law. If these additional deliberations produce no result, the Bill or proposed law will be withdrawn
ARTICLE 111-5:
In the event of disagreement between the Legislature and the Executive Branch, the disagreement shall, at the request of one of the parties, be referred to the Conciliation Committee provided for in article 206 below
ARTICLE 111-6:
If the Committee fails to reach a decision it shall draw up a report of nonconciliation, which it shall remit to the two (2) high parties and inform the Supreme Court thereof
ARTICLE 111-7:
Within two weeks of receipt of this report, the disagreement shall be referred to the Supreme Court.
Sitting as a full court, the Court shall hand down its decision forthwith, setting all other matters aside.
Its decision shall be final and is binding on the high parties.
If, meanwhile, the high parties reach agreement, the terms of the agreement shall as a matter of course terminate the procedure under way
ARTICLE 111-8:
In no case may the House of Deputies or the Senate be dissolved or adjourned, nor shall the terms of their members be extended
ARTICLE 112:
Each House shall, in accordance with its regulations appoint its staff, establish discipline for them and determine the manner in which they shall perform their duties
ARTICLE 112-1:
Each House may impose on its members for reprehensible conduct, by a two thirds (2/3) majority vote, disciplinary penalties, except for expulsion
ARTICLE 113:
Any member of the Legislature shall be disqualified as a Deputy or Senator, if, during his term, he has received a final sentence by a court of regular law, which renders him ineligible to serve
ARTICLE 114:
Members of the Legislature are inviolable form the day the take oath up to the expiration of their term, subject to the provisions of article 115 below
ARTICLE 114-1:
They may at no time be prosecuted or attacked for the opinions and votes cast by them in the discharge o their duties
ARTICLE 114-2:
No member of the Legislature shall be subject to civil imprisonment during his term of office
ARTICLE 115:
No member of the Legislature may during his term be arrested under ordinary law for a crime, a minor offense or a petty violation, except by authorization of the House of which he is a member, unless he is apprehended in the act of committing an offense punishable by death, personal restraint or penal servitude or the loss of civil rights.
In that case, the matter is referred to the House of Deputies or the Senate without delay of the Legislature is in session, and if not, it shall be taken up the next regular or special session
ARTICLE 116:
Neither of the two (2) Houses may sit or take action without the presence of a majority of its members
ARTICLE 117:
All acts of the Legislature must be approved by a majority of the members present, unless otherwise stipulated in this Constitution
ARTICLE 118:
Each House has the right to investigate matters brought before it
ARTICLE 119:
All bills must be voted on article by article
ARTICLE 120:
Each House has the right to amend and to divide articles and amendments proposed.
Amendments voted on by one House may be part of a bill only after it has been voted on by the other House in the same forme and in identical terms.
No bill shall become a law until it has been voted on in the same form by the two (2) Houses
ARTICLE 120-2:
Any bill may be withdrawn from discussion so long as it has not been finally voted upon
ARTICLE 121:
Any bill passed by the Legislature shall be immediately forwarded to the President of the Republic, who, before promulgation it, has the right to make objections to it in all or in part
ARTICLE 121-1:
In such cases, the President of the Republic send back the bill with his objections to the House where it was originally passed, If the bill is amended by that house, it is sent to the other Houses with the objections
ARTICLE 121-2:
If the bill thus amended is voted on by the second House, it will be sent back to the President of the Republic for promulgation
ARTICLE 121-3:
If the objection are rejected by the House that originally passed the bill, it shall be returned to the other House with the objections
ARTICLE 121-4:
If the second House also votes to reject it, the bill is sent back to the President of the Republic, who must then promulgate it
ARTICLE 121-5:
Rejection of the objection is voted on by either House by the majority stipulated in article 117. In such cases, the votes of each House shall be taken by secret ballot
ARTICLE 121-6:
If in either House the Majority stipulated in the preceding paragraph is not obtained for the rejection, the objections are accepted
ARTICLE 122:
The right of objection must be exercised within eight (8) full days starting with the date of the receipt of the bill by the President of the Republic
ARTICLE 123:
If within the prescribed deadline, the President of the Republic has made expiration, the bill must be promulgated unless the session of the Legislature has ended before exploration of the deadline, in which case, the bill is deferred.
At the opening of the following session, the bill thus deferred is sent to the President of the Republic to exercise his right of objection
ARTICLE 124:
A bill rejected by one of the two (2) Houses may not be introduced again in the same session
ARTICLE 125:
Bills and other acts of the Legislature and the National Assembly shall enter into force with their promulgation and their publication in the Official Gazette (Journal Officiel) of the Republic
ARTICLE 125-1:
Bills shall be numbered and included in the printed and numbered bulletin entitled BULLETIN OF LAWS AND ACTS
ARTICLE 126:
The bill is dated on the day of it final adoption by the two (2) Houses
ARTICLE 127:
No one may submit petitions in person to the Legislature
ARTICLE 128:
Only the Legislature Branch has the authority to interpret laws, which it does by passing a law
ARTICLE 129:
Each member of the Legislature receives a monthly stipend from the time he takes oath
ARTICLE 129-1:
Service as a member of the Legislature is incompatible with any other duty remunerated by the State, except that of teacher
ARTICLE 129-2:
Every member of the two (2) Houses has the right to question and interpellate a member of the Government or the entire Government on events and acts of the Administration
ARTICLE 129-3:
As interpellation request must be seconded by five (5) members of the body concerned.
it becomes a vote of confidence or of censure when passed by a majority of that body
ARTICLE 129-4:
When the interpellation request ends in a votes of censure on a question concerning a Government program or declaration of general policy, the Prime Minister must submit his Government's resignation to the President of the Republic
ARTICLE 129-5:
The president must accept that resignation and appoint new Primer Minister, pursuant to the provisions of this Constitution
ARTICLE 129-6:
The Legislature may not pass more than one vote of censure a year on a question concerning a Government program or declaration of general policy
ARTICLE 130:
In the case of the death, resignation, disqualification, judicial interdiction, or acceptance of a duty incompatible with that of a member of the Legislature, the Deputy or Senator shall be replaced in his Electoral District for only the remainder of his term by a by-election called by the Primary Electoral Assembly to be conducted by the Permanent Electoral Council in the month he vacancy occurs
ARTICLE 130-1:
The election shall take place within thirty (30) days after convocation of the Primary Assembly, pursuant to the Constitution
ARTICLE 130-2:
The same procedure shall apply in the absence of an election or in the event that elections are declared null and void by the Permanent Electoral Council in one or more Electoral Districts
ARTICLE 130-3:
However, if the vacancy occurs during the last regular session of the Legislature or after that session, a by-election may not be held
SECTION E
Incompatibilities
ARTICLE 131:
The following may not be elected members of the Legislature:
1. Government concessionnaires or contractors for the performance of public services;
2. Representatives or agents of Government contractors or concessionnaires, or companies or corporations that have Government concessions or contracts;
3. Delegated, Vice Delegates, judges, and officers of the Public Prosecutor's Office whose duties have not terminated six (6) months before the date set for the elections;
4. Any person who comes under the other cases of ineligibility stipulates by this Constitution and by law
ARTICLE 132:
Members of the Executive Branch and the Director Generals of Government departments may not be elected members of the Legislature unless they resign at least one (1) year before the date of the elections
CHAPTER III
The Executive Branch
ARTICLE 133:
The Executive power is vested in:
a. The President of the Republic, who is the Head of State.
b. The Government, which is headed by a Prime Minister
SECTION A
The President of the Republic
ARTICLE 134:
The President of the Republic is elected in direct universal suffrage by an absolute majority of votes.
If that majority is not obtained in the first election, a second election is held.
Only the two (2) candidates who, if such be the case, after the withdrawal of more favored candidates, have received the largest number of votes in the first election may run in the second election
ARTICLE 134-1:
The term of the President is five (5) years.
This term begins and ends on the February 7 following the date of the elections
ARTICLE 134-2:
Presidential election shall take place the last Sunday of November in the fifth year of the President's term
ARTICLE 134-3:
The President of the Republic may not be re-elected.
He may serve an additional term only after an interval of five (5) years.
He may in no case run for a third term
ARTICLE 135:
To be elected President of the Republic of Haiti, a candidate must:
a. Be a native-born Haitian and never have renounced Haitian nationality;
b. Have attained thirty-five (35) years of age by the election day;
c. Enjoy civil and political rights and never have been sentenced to death, personal restraint or penal servitude or the loss of civil rights for a crime of ordinary law;
d. Be the owner in Haiti of at least one real property and have his habitual residence in the country;
e. Have resided in the country for five (5) consecutive years before the date of the elections;
f. Have been relieved of this responsibilities if he has been handling public funds
ARTICLE 135-1:
Before taking office, the President of the Republic shall take the following oath before the National Assembly: "I swear before God and the Nation faithfully to observe and enforce the Constitution and the laws of the Republic, to respect and cause to be respected the rights of the Haitian people, to work for the greatness of the country, and to maintain the nation's independence and the integrity of its territory"
SECTION B
Duties of the President of the Republic
ARTICLE 136:
The President of the Republic, who is the Head of State, shall see to the respect for and enforcement of the Constitution and the stability of the institutions.
He shall ensure the regular operations of the public authorities and the continuity of the State
ARTICLE 137:
The President of the Republic shall choose a Prime Minister from among the members of the majority party of the Parliament.
In the absence of such a majority, the President of the Republic shall choose his Prime Minister in consultation with the President of the Senate and the President of the House of Deputies.
In either case, the President's choice must be ratified by the Parliament
ARTICLE 137-1:
The President of the Republic shall terminate the duties of the Prime Minister upon the letter's submission of the Government's resignation
ARTICLE 138:
The President of the Republic is the guarantor of the nation's independence and the integrity of its territory
ARTICLE 139:
He shall negotiate and sign all international treaties, conventions and agreements and submit them to the National Assembly for ratification
ARTICLE 139-1:
He shall accredit ambassadors and special envoys to foreign powers, receive letters of accreditation from ambassadors of foreign powers and issued exequatur to consuls
ARTICLE 140:
He declares war, and negotiates and signs peace treaties with the approval of the National Assembly
ARTICLE 141:
With the approval of the Senate, the President appoints, by a decree issued in the Council of Ministers, the Commander-in-chief of the armed forces, the Commander-in-chief of the police, ambassadors and consul generals
ARTICLE 142:
By a decree issued in the Council of Ministers, the President of the Republic appoints the directors general of the civil service, and delegates and vice delegates of Departments and Arrondissements.
He also appoints, with the approval of the Senate, Administrative Councils of Autonomous Agencies
ARTICLE 143:
The President of the Republic is the nominal head of the armed forces, but he never commands them in person
ARTICLE 144:
He has the seal of the Republic affixed to all laws and promulgates them within deadline stipulated by the Constitution.
Before the expiration of that deadline, he may avail himself of his right of objection
ARTICLE 145:
He sees to the enforcement of judicial decisions, pursuant to the law
ARTICLE 146:
The President of the Republic has the right to perform and commute sentences in all res judica cases, except for sentences handed down by the High Court of Justice as stipulated in this Constitution
ARTICLE 147:
He may grant amnesty only for political matters as stipulated by law
ARTICLE 148:
If the President finds it temporarily impossible to discharge his duties the Executive Authority shall be vested in the Council of Ministers under the Presidency of the Prime Minister, so long as the disability continues
ARTICLE 149:
Should the office of the President of the Republic become vacant for any reason, the President of the Supreme Court of the Republic, or in his absence, the Vice President of that Court, or in his absence, the judge with the highest seniority and so on by order of seniority, shall be invested temporarily with the duties of the President of the Republic by the National Assembly duly convened by the Prime Minister- The election of a new President for a new five (5) year term shall be held at least forty-five (45) and no more than ninety (90) days after the vacancy occurs, pursuant to the Constitution and the Electoral Law
ARTICLE 149-1:
The acting President may in no case be a candidate in the next Presidential election
ARTICLE 150:
The President of the republic shall have no powers other than those accorded to him by the Constitution
ARTICLE 151:
At the opening of each annual session of the Legislature, the President of the Republic shall deliver a message to the Legislature on the State of the Nation.
This message may not be debated
ARTICLE 152:
The President of the Republic shall receive a monthly salary from the Public Treasury upon taking the oath of office
ARTICLE 153:
The President of the Republic shall have his official residence in the National Palace, in the capital city, unless the seat of the Executive Branch is moved
ARTICLE 154:
The President of the Republic presides over the Council of Ministers
SECTION C
The Government
ARTICLE 155:
The Government is composed of the Prime Minister, the Ministers and Secretaries of State.
The Prime Minister is the head of the Government
ARTICLE 156:
The Government conducts the policy of the Nation.
It is responsible before Parliament under the terms stipulated by the Constitution
ARTICLE 157:
To be appointed Prime Minister, a person must:
1. Be a native-born Haitian, and never have renounced Haitian nationality;
2. Have attained thirty (30) years of age;
3. Enjoy civil and political rights and never have been sentenced to death, personal restraint or penal servitude or the loss of civil rights;
4. Own real property in Haiti and practice a profession there;
5. Have resided in the county for five (5) consecutive years;
6. Have been relieved of his responsibilities if he has been handling public funds
SECTION D
Powers of The Prime Minister
ARTICLE 158:
With the approval of the President, the Prime Minister shall choose the members of his Cabinet of Ministers and shall go before Parliament to obtain a vote of confidence on his declaration of general policy.
The vote shall be taken in open ballot, and an absolute majority of both Houses is required.
In the event of a vote of nonconfidence by one of the two (2) Houses, the procedure shall be repeated
ARTICLE 159:
The Prime Minister enforces the laws. In the event of the President of the Republic's absence or temporary inability to perform his duties, or at his request, the Prime Minister presides over the Council of Ministers.
He has the power to issue rules and regulations but he can never suspend or interpret laws, acts or decrees, nor refrain from enforcing them
ARTICLE 159-1:
In concert with the President of the Republic, he is responsible for national defense
ARTICLE 160:
The Prime Minister appoints and dismisses directly or by delegation Government officials, according to the provisions of the Constitution and the law on the general regulations for Government operations
ARTICLE 161:
The Prime Minister and the Ministers may appear before the two (2) Houses to support bills and the objections of the President of the Republic and to reply to interpellation
ARTICLE 162:
Acts of the Prime Minister are countersigned, if need by the Ministers responsible for enforcing them. The Prime Ministers may be assigned a Ministerial portfolio
ARTICLE 163:
The Prime Minister and the Ministers are jointly responsible for the acts of the President of the Republic and of their ministers that they countersign.
They are also responsible for enforcement of the laws in the areas of their competence.
ARTICLE 164:
The duties of the Prime Minister and of a member of the Government are incompatible with membership in the Parliament.
If such a case occurs, the member of Parliament must choose one duty or the other
ARTICLE 165:
In the event of the Prime Minister's resignation, the government remains in place until the appointment of a successor, in order to transact current business
SECTION E
The Ministers and Secretaries of State
ARTICLE 166:
The President of the Republic presides over the Council of Ministers.
The number of Ministers may be no fewer than ten (10).
When he deems it necessary, the Prime Minister may appoints Secretaries of State to the Ministers
ARTICLE 167:
The number of Ministers is set by law
ARTICLE 168:
Holding a ministerial post is incompatible with the exercise of all other public employment, except for higher education
ARTICLE 169:
Ministers are responsible for the acts of the Prime Minister that they countersign.
They are jointly responsible for enforcement of the laws
ARTICLE 169-1:
In no case may an
Montresor 2011, April 23 2008, 4:02 PM
Topic: Become President of HAITI
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