HAITI EN REVISE: Les Afro-Latins ou Amerindians.

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Haïti collectionne depuis toujours les superlatifs et les haïtiens s'en accommodent fort bien. A tel point que, pris par le jeu, nous acceptons volontiers des qualificatifs que nous ne méritons pas, presque par inadvertance.

C'est même parfois avec inconscience que nous laissons dire des horreurs de notre pays car "tout est possible en Haïti" semblons nous dire, tant il est vrai qu'on ne prête qu'aux riches.

Dans cet esprit, voici une liste de l'histoire D'HAITI

Royaume (Xaragua) de la grande poétesse des amérindiens Taïno, la belle Anacaona femme de Caonabo.

Premiers établissements européen (premier fort, première ville etc. etc.)
Première apparition de la Syphilis (avant les premiers métissages)
Premières exterminations des amérindiens (Cortez et Pizarro ont fait leurs premières armes ici)
Destination des premiers esclaves noirs du Nouveau Monde (XV° siècle)
Premiers marronnages (fuite dans la montagne) d'esclaves
Premier traité (respecté) entre puissance européenne et population indigène (le cacique Enriquillo)
Premier établissement permanent des Flibustiers hollandais, anglais et français (la Tortue)
Premier gouverneur français des colonies d'Amérique (Bertrand d'Ogeron)
Premières grandes plantations de canne à sucre
Premiers mouvements de révolte des esclaves
Première application du Code Noir
Première colonie européenne par sa richesse
Le Cap, ville la plus cosmopolite du Nouveau Monde (Le Paris des Antilles)
Premières répressions des aspirations à l'égalité "aux colonies" après 1789
Abolition de l'esclavage six mois avant les autres territoires (en septembre 1794 par Sonthonax, commissaire civil)
Toussaint-Louverture premier des noirs (premier général, premier gouverneur nommé par la France)
Première Constitution autonomiste (et réaction immédiate de Bonaparte avec une grande force expéditionnaire)
Première guerre bactériologique des Amériques (la fièvre jaune est utilisée contre les soldats européens)
Le moins connu des échecs de Napoléon, une force de 40 000 soldats capitule devant les indigènes.
Unique cas de révolte servile ayant réussi dans l'histoire mondiale
Première république noire au monde
Nation la plus pauvre des Amériques

AMERINDIANS: Native Americans in the United States' and Central Americas are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States before the known natives of South Americas, including parts of Alaska.

They comprise a large number of distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of which still endure as political communities.

There is a wide range of terms used, and some controversy surrounding their use: they are variously known as American Indians, Indians, Amerindians, Amerinds, or Indigenous, Aboriginal or Original Americans.

Not all Native Americans come from the contiguous U.S. Some come from Alaska and other insular regions.

These other indigenous peoples, including Alaskan Native groups such as the Inupiaq, Yupik Eskimos, and Aleuts, are not always counted as Native Americans, although Census 2000 demographics listed "American Indian and Alaskan Native" collectively.

Native Hawaiians and various other Pacific Islander American peoples, such as the Chamorros (Chamoru), can also be considered Native American but it is not common to use such a designation.[3]

The European colonization of the Americas nearly obliterated the populations and cultures of the Native Americans.

During the 16th through 19th centuries, the population of Native Americans in the U.S. was ravaged by European colonization in the following ways: violence and possible genocide at the hands of European explorers and colonists, epidemic diseases brought from Europe, displacement from their lands, enslavement, internal warfare[4] as well as high rate of intermarriage.[5][6] Most mainstream scholars now believe that, among the various contributing factors, epidemic disease was the overwhelming cause of the population decline of the American natives.[7][8][9][10]

[edit] Initial impacts
The first Native American group encountered by Christopher Columbus in 1492 were the Island Caribs and Arawaks (more properly called the Taino) of Boriquen (Puerto Rico), the (Quisqueya, Ayti or Boyo, Haiti) of Hispaniola now Republic of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, the Cubanacan (Cuba).

It is said that of the 250,000 to 1 million Island Arawaks, only about 500 survived by the middle of the 16th century, and the group was considered extinct by the middle of the 17th century.[citation needed] Yet DNA studies show that the genetic contribution of the Taino to that region continues, and the mitochondrial DNA studies of the Taino are said to show relationships to the Northern Indigenous Nations, such as Inuit and others.[11]

European settlers brought infectious diseases against which the Native Americans had no natural immunity.

Chicken pox and measles, though common and rarely fatal among Europeans, often proved deadly to Native Americans.

Smallpox proved particularly deadly to Native American populations.[12] Epidemics often immediately followed European exploration, sometimes destroying entire villages.

While precise figures are difficult to arrive at, some historians estimate that up to 80% of some Native populations died due to European diseases.[13]

In 1617-1619, smallpox wiped out 90% of the Massachusetts Bay Native Americans.[14] As it had done elsewhere, the virus wiped out entire population groups of Native Americans.

It reached Mohawks in 1634,[15] Lake Ontario in 1636, and the lands of the Iroquois by 1679. During the 1770s, smallpox killed at least 30% of the West Coast Native Americans.[16] Smallpox epidemics in 1780-1782 and 1837-1838 brought devastation and drastic depopulation among the Plains Indians.[17][18] By 1832, the federal government established a smallpox vaccination program for Native Americans (The Indian Vaccination Act of 1832).

[19][20]

In the sixteenth century Spaniards and other Europeans brought horses to the Americas.

Some of these animals escaped and began to breed and increase their numbers in the wild. Horses had previously migrated naturally to North America but the early American horse became game for the earliest humans and became extinct about 7,000 BC, just after the end of the last ice age. The re-introduction of the horse had a profound impact on Native American culture in the Great Plains of North America.

As a new mode of travel the horse made it possible for some tribes to greatly expand their territories, exchange goods with neighboring tribes, and more easily capture game.

Wilgeens Rosenberg, February 23 2008, 4:45 PM

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